Perspective Of Disaster Management Research Articles

From Prevent to Protect and Prepare: The Manchester Arena Attack and Shifting Priorities in the United Kingdom’s Counter-Terrorism Strategy (CONTEST)

This article analyses the UK’s counter-terrorism strategy CONTEST from a Disaster Management perspective. The article argues that since the Manchester Arena attack in May 2017, there has been a reorientation in CONTEST away from a primary focus on Prevent towards a greater concern with Protect and Prepare. We argue this move should be welcome, given it provides the wider benefit of embedding emergency preparedness and improving multi-agency response to all types of major incident in the UK. The article analyses the inquiry into the Manchester Arena attack to identify three important lessons for the development of CONTEST.

Selection of representative indicators for flood risk assessment using marginal entropy and mutual information

AbstractFloods are the most frequent types of natural disasters. From the perspective of disaster management, indicators associated with floods are important for accurate flood risk assessment. However, the application of all indicators related to flood risk assessment decreases the evaluation efficiency, because the definitions of the indicators may overlap. Moreover, the volume of data required for collection and evaluation is significantly large, making the evaluation practically impossible. Thus, a scientific and objective method to select indicators for flood risk assessment based on the entropy theory was developed herein. First, the existing 28 assessment indicators were analyzed and probability‐based data were constructed for each indicator considering 28 districts in a midwestern region of Korea. The information quantity for each indicator was then obtained using marginal entropy and mutual information generated in the entropy theory. Next, the total information quantity based on the numbers of combination of indicators was derived by considering the information quantity for each indicator and the overlapping mutual information between the indicators. The maximum amount of information (161.55) was obtained by combining 18 out of the 28 flood risk indicators. The selected 18 indicators reflected regional characteristics better than those used in the existing method, demonstrating that the flood risk of the target area could be adequately assessed.

Operational Earthquake Forecasting in Japan: A Study of Municipal Government Planning for an Earthquake Advisory or Warning in the Nankai Region

Abstract A team of social scientists from the United States and Japan has conducted a study exploring the extent to which municipal governments in Japan have developed plans for response to an operational earthquake forecast from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), indicating that seismic activity in the Nankai trough region has elevated the short-term probability that a major earthquake may occur. Employing both survey research and in-depth interviews, the team explored various aspects of the history and science behind the alerting system, guidance from the national government of Japan, and planning by local jurisdictions for a possible future Nankai trough major earthquake. The survey included questions regarding planning actions included in response plans for receipt of “special earthquake warning information” as well as questions regarding challenges in the planning process, expectations that an earthquake would follow the issuance of an alert, and whether planning would reduce the number of fatalities and injuries. We also conducted in-depth interviews that explored the scientific basis for the alerting system and asked working disaster managers in the Nankai region what they had done to plan and the reasons for not planning if plans had not been developed. We received 469 responses from a total of 736 jurisdictions that comprise the Nankai region—a response rate of 63.7%. We conducted a total of 17 in-depth interviews. In general, we found that a majority of jurisdictions have response plans for receipt of an alert from the JMA; however, the plans lacked a number of planning elements considered important from a disaster management perspective. In addition, many smaller jurisdictions lacked the staffing, resources, and guidance to form comprehensive response plans. Our report identifies both the strengths and weaknesses of existing plans, and outlines a program for improving planning in the region.

Evaluation of optical multi-spectral satellite data for crop type and land cover identification in Marathwada, India: a disaster management perspective

Evaluation of optical multi-spectral satellite data for crop type and land cover identification in Marathwada, India: a disaster management perspective

The Safety Situation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills in Hungary from a Disaster Management Perspective (Part 2)

Today, nearly seventy municipal solid waste landfills in Hungary fully comply with European Union directives. Experience has shown that some sites have not yet been recultivated and that there are several illegal landfills. Waste fires are a special area within disaster management that have not yet been legally regulated nor intervention procedures have been established. In the second half of the series of articles I will present the safety risks and fire intervention difficulties that arise specifically in connection with the landfill sites.

Disaster Risk Assessment Scheme—A Road System Survey for Budapest

This study presents a method to analyze the most critical elements of the public road system concerning outer effects which hinder the normal operation of the whole system. The surveyed public road network in Budapest, Hungary is studied as a graph: Dijkstra’s algorithm is applied to find the shortest path, and the Boykov-Kolmogorov method is used to calculate the maximum flow of the network. Those elements are identified whose damage can critically influence the operation of the network, and where the infrastructure available for rescue teams has a bottleneck. Finally, the Wilcoxon post hoc test was applied with Bonferroni correction. The tests have proven that the new method can successfully identify the critical vulnerabilities of the network to determine its weak points by considering reduced road capacities and the increased needs for transportation arising due to a disaster. This pilot study confirmed that after the elimination of the problems in statistical methods, the new framework can robustly identify those road network elements whose development is of key importance from a disaster management perspective.

DISASTER IN SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Various quite extreme natural disasters have hit various parts of the world this year. Starting from America, China, Indonesia to Greece and Spain. Even Al Jazeraa re-wrote the list of disasters that occurred in a long list in early November, 2021. There has been a change in the orientation of disaster studies in the last decade, if initially discussing more technical issues about disaster triggering events and handling disaster victims, an approach that emphasizes more on human and community approach. In this study, trying to provide an overview of the sociological perspective of disaster management, which discusses the diversity of understanding, responses and patterns of local communities in dealing with disasters as well as understanding, responses and patterns of external actors or organizations in disaster management. Disaster planning and preparedness activities are a continuous learning process, not an end goal. The sociological perspective is not just knowledge, but must be a guide in the preparation of programs of activities, priorities, and strategies for implementing sustainable disaster management.
  
 Keywords: Disaster, Sociological Perspective, Disaster Management

Systemic risk from a disaster management perspective: A review of current research

Disasters are becoming increasingly common, unexpected, and difficult as a result of the rapid environmental and socioeconomic changes occurring at several levels. They are often the result of systemic risks marked by complexity, uncertainty, ambiguity, and cross-border consequences, very much like the continuing worldwide Covid 19 epidemic. These systemic risks outperform traditional risk management practices, posing new, unsolved policy and governance issues. This study aims to assess the origins of systemic risk thinking - particularly in relation to disaster risks, identify key inflection points in its evolution, and identify areas of opportunity in the governance of such risks by building on existing research and conducting a qualitative review of state-of-the-art literature published by academia, industry, and government. The study's findings indicate a positive shift in the recognition of systemic disaster risks, but they also underscore the need for further maturity in its management and governance. To increase holistic management of disaster-related systemic risks and coordinate an effective policy response, this research proposes the essential design principles and conceptual framework for Integrated disaster resilience (IDR) based on a ‘Whole Systems Approach’.

Debris flow simulation 2D (DFS 2D): Numerical modelling of debris flows and calibration of friction parameters

Debris flows are rapid mass movements with a mixture of rock, soil and water. High-intensity rainfall events have triggered multiple debris flows around the globe, making it an important concern from the disaster management perspective. This study presents a numerical model called debris flow simulation 2D (DFS 2D) and applicability of the proposed model is investigated through the values of the model parameters used for the reproduction of an occurred debris flow at Yindongzi gully in China on 13 August 2010. The model can be used to simulate debris flows using three different rheologies and has a user-friendly interface for providing the inputs. Using DFS 2D, flow parameters can be estimated with respect to space and time. The values of the flow resistance parameters of model, dry-Coulomb and turbulent friction, were calibrated through the back analysis and the values obtained are 0.1 and 1000 m/s 2 , respectively. Two new methods of calibration are proposed in this study, considering the cross-sectional area of flow and topographical changes induced by the debris flow. The proposed methods of calibration provide an effective solution to the cumulative errors induced by coarse-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) in numerical modelling of debris flows. The statistical indices such as Willmott's index of agreement, mean-absolute-error, and normalized-root-mean-square-error of the calibrated model are 0.5, 1.02 and 1.44, respectively. The comparison between simulated and observed values of topographic changes indicates that DFS 2D provides satisfactory results and can be used for dynamic modelling of debris flows. • A new numerical model called Debris Flow Simulation 2D (DFS 2D) is developed. • The proposed DFS 2D is useful for understanding the runout process of debris flows. • DFS 2D considers three different rheologies and the effect of entrainment. • The model is user-friendly and the outputs are saved in interactive formats. • Proposed two different approaches for calibration of friction parameters.

The Safety Situation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills in Hungary from a Disaster Management Perspective

Today, nearly seventy municipal solid waste landfills in Hungary fully comply with European Union directives.  Experience has shown that some sites have not yet been recultivated and that there are several illegal landfills.  Waste fires are a special area within disaster management that have not yet been legally regulated nor intervention procedures have been established. In the first part of the series of articles I will present the key aspects that should be taken into account when defining a possible legal regulation. In addition, I plan to evaluate the prevention and response measures to hazards that are specific to landfills.

경비원 역량 강화를 통한 재난관리에 관한 연구

This study approached the role of private security guards from the perspective of disaster management, and discussed new areas of operation and ways to strengthen capabilities related to community safety. In terms of the location of apartment houses, the field of activities of private security guards and their role in disaster management were mainly discussed. In order to examine the role of private security guards in apartment houses, I tried to review the relevant laws and analyze the current situation, and derived the main points. First, various laws and regulations exist regarding the activities of private security guards. Second, it was confirmed that the concentrated activities were restricted because private security guards were stipulated to take charge of tasks other than security. Third, the active age of private security guards is widely distributed among the elderly and elderly. The following are suggestions that can contribute to disaster management activities in apartment houses by strengthening the capabilities of private security guards. First, apartment houses must set up their own security tasks. Second, professional education is required for safety management and situational command for the management subject of the apartment house. Third, the capacity of the management entity should be prepared so that it is possible to cope with and command dangerous situations including disasters. Fourth, subjects in the field of safety and disaster management should be added to the curriculum of private security guards and security instructors. Fifth, a rapid dissemination system for risk factors should be established.

Evaluation of the Measures Taken by the Government for Disadvantaged Groups in the Coronavirus Process from a Disaster Management Perspective

Çin’in Vuhan kentinde 2019 Aralık’ta salgının başlamasına neden olan koronavirüs (Covid-19), Türkiye de dâhil olmak üzere birçok ülkede görülmektedir. Koronavirüs salgını yayılma aşaması ve hızında gösterdiği ivme ile küresel bir afet olsa da dünya genelinde tüm ülkeler mücadelelerine ulusal olarak devam etmektedir. Her devlet, politikaları ile mücadelede farklı yöntemleri uygulamaktadır. Bu yöntemler ile afet sonrası süreçte toplumun tüm kesimlerinin eşit oranda etkilenmiyor oluşu, uygulamaya koyulan önlemlerin önem teşkil ediciliği ile yakından ilişkilidir. Çalışma koronavirüsün pandemi ilan edilmesinden 2021 Mayıs ayına kadar olan süreçte Türkiye’de çalışma çerçevesinde belirlenen tüm dezavantajlı gruplara yönelik alınan önlemleri kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tercih edilmiştir. Çalışma ile dezavantajlı gruplarda yer alan bireylerin afet yönetim süreçlerinin her aşamasında alınacak önlemlerde yer alması ve koronavirüs salgınının gelecekte yaşanacak afetlerin yönetiminde bir altlık oluşturması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada, Avrupa Konseyi, BM Mülteci Örgütü ve UNESCO tarafından belirlenen standartlar referans alınarak Türkiye özelinde sadece devlet ölçeğinde dezavantajlı gruplar (yaşlılar, gençler, çocuklar, engelliler, özel sektör işçileri, çalışan kadınlar, yoksullar, göçmenler, evsizler ve tutuklular) için alınan önlemler üzerine odaklanılmaktadır. Çalışmada, dezavantajlı gruplar için alınan önlemlerin homojen bir dağılım göstermediği yaşlılar, gençler ve çocuklara yönelik önlemlerin sayı olarak fazla olduğu ancak içerik olarak tekrarlardan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Engelliler, işçiler, kadınlar, yoksullar, göçmenler, evsizler ve tutuklular için alınan önlemlerin ise yeterli sayıda olmadığı görülmektedir. 

An Additional Perspective on “Is the Long-Term Probability of the Occurrence of Large Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough Inflated? Conflict between Science and Risk Management”—By Manabu Hashimoto

Editorial| June 08, 2022 An Additional Perspective on “Is the Long‐Term Probability of the Occurrence of Large Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough Inflated? Conflict between Science and Risk Management”—By Manabu Hashimoto James D. Goltz James D. Goltz * 1Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.2Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan *Corresponding author: jamesgoltz@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-3811 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information James D. Goltz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0723-3811 * 1Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.2Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan *Corresponding author: jamesgoltz@gmail.com Publisher: Seismological Society of America First Online: 08 Jun 2022 Online ISSN: 1938-2057 Print ISSN: 0895-0695 © Seismological Society of America Seismological Research Letters (2022) 93 (4): 1974–1975. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220112 Article history First Online: 08 Jun 2022 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation James D. Goltz; An Additional Perspective on “Is the Long‐Term Probability of the Occurrence of Large Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough Inflated? Conflict between Science and Risk Management”—By Manabu Hashimoto. Seismological Research Letters 2022;; 93 (4): 1974–1975. doi: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220220112 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietySeismological Research Letters Search Advanced Search I would like to comment on the Hashimoto (2022) opinion article published in a recent issue of SRL on Nankai’s long‐term earthquake probabilities from the disciplinary perspective of disaster management and social science rather than seismology. My comments are not so much a disagreement with Hashimoto’s view that the long‐term probabilities for the Nankai trough may be inflated but instead to provide a somewhat contrasting perspective on why this region should continue to be an area of concern and focused planning, preparedness, and hazard mitigation. We recently commemorated the tenth anniversary of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, a... You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Liveable city from the perpective of disaster management

Research purpose is provide an overall image of what a liveable city from the perspective of disaster management. Disaster is seen as an event that can disrupt and threaten people’s lives, while a liveable city is an idea to create a city that is economically qualified. environment dan equity of live. The initial stage begins with the theoretical aspect and the final stage with the practical aspect, is attempt to provide answers to the following questions: can liveable cities be applied to disaster-risk areas and what kind of concept will be applied to disaster-vulnerable areas. The elements of liveable cities which are generally different in each country because they are adapted to the geographical conditions and demographics of each region. The method of this study uses literature studies and case studies. Disaster management from the beginning must be taken into consideration in planning a city, so as to minimize losses due to disasters and the people who live in it can live side by side with nature. The results of this study explain that the application of the concept of a liveable city seen from disaster management is not only the urgency of fulfilling the requirements of a liveable city that is ready to face disasters but also views that liveable urban planning as a city ecosystem that has appropriate values and culture and is comfortable to live in so that it creates sustainable city.

Systemic Risk from a Disaster Management Perspective: A Review of Current Research

Systemic Risk from a Disaster Management Perspective: A Review of Current Research

Changes in the post-covid-19 consumers’ behaviors and lifestyle in italy. A disaster management perspective

The changes in consumption habits brought about from the covid-19 pandemic is completely reshaping the consumer profiles examined by different organizations. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the consumer behavior studies by analyzing changes post-disasters. Our paper aims at understanding Italians’ lifestyle and behaviours during and post crisis in order to explore what behaviours people would keep after the disaster and to identify possible megatrends. Through a mixed method approach, we propose a trendy avatar which summarizes in its representation the four categories emerged from our explorative study: (1) digital, (2) homescape lovers, (3) responsible and (4) self-care oriented. Drawing on the new behavioural consumer profile proposed, some research avenues and managerial implications are advanced.

Analysis of HIV/AIDS Reports in Turkey from Disaster Management Perspective

HIV/AIDS is among the ten diseases that cause the most deaths in the world. WHO, 2030 until the year of new HIV infections in the number and the AIDS fell by 90% the number of deaths AIDS aims to be eradicated. Although targets are set for the eradication of HIV/ AIDS, it does not seem possible to realize these targets in the near future. There is a risk of HIV/ AIDS becoming an epidemic in the society and reaching the level of disaster. This disaster situation threatens the young population and brings the risk of causing possible secondary social disasters. This research is a descriptive and retrospective cohort research. The data of the study were obtained from the "statistical annuals" published by the Ministry of Health between 1985 and 2020. The data were analyzed in computer environment. This research analyzes HIV/AIDS notifications in Turkey from a disaster management perspective; It is planned in order to contribute to the minimization of the damage to the society caused by the epidemics that may be seen in Turkey, and to contribute and guide the relevant institutions to take the necessary precautions. The first case in Turkey was reported in 1985. The course of HIV/AIDS disease was tried to be determined by examining the statistical annuals regularly published by the Ministry of Health. The number of cases in Turkey followed a horizontal course between 1985 and 2000. After the 2000s, a rapid increase was observed and in 2014, this increase continued exponentially. The number of HIV/AIDS cases reported to the Ministry of Health from 1985 to 2019 in Turkey is 24,881. This 1,884 cases of AIDS, 22.977's of HIV (+). The period with the highest ten-year average is between 2010-2019. This increase between 2010 and 2019 indicates that the HIV/AIDS trend is upwards. As a result, it is proposed to develop an HIV/AIDS management system to analyze the risk and take the necessary measures by including all stakeholders from a cultural, economic and sociological point of view in the fight against HIV/AIDS.

지방자치단체의 신종 감염병 대응사례에 관한 연구

From the perspective of disaster management, a new infectious disease can be said to be a societal disaster characterized by uncertainty, insufficient preparation, spread of social fear, and conflict among multiple stakeholders. These characteristic factors create a very high level of social and policy-level confusion, and among them, the government or local governments are under public pressure to quickly prepare and implement quarantine measures. However, in response to unprecedented new infectious diseases such as MERS, the government does not have sufficient response capability, while the public demands that the government overcome societal disasters in a hurry due to extreme fear. Under these pressures, policymakers and private experts work together to organize policy agendas and seek solutions. As various alternatives are considered and tested, a strong consensus on the preparation and execution of appropriate policies is formed based on the strong driving force of the people, opening the policy window. This study analyzes how local governments determine policies related to responding to new infectious diseases focusing on the establishment of a MERS intensive treatment center in Gyeonggi-do.

Seismic Damage Semantics on Post-Earthquake LOD3 Building Models Generated by UAS

In a post-earthquake scenario, the semantic enrichment of 3D building models with seismic damage is crucial from the perspective of disaster management. This paper aims to present the methodology and the results for the Level of Detail 3 (LOD3) building modelling (after an earthquake) with the enrichment of the semantics of the seismic damage based on the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-98). The study area is the Vrisa traditional settlement on the island of Lesvos, Greece, which was affected by a devastating earthquake of Mw = 6.3 on 12 June 2017. The applied methodology consists of the following steps: (a) unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) nadir and oblique images are acquired and photogrammetrically processed for 3D point cloud generation, (b) 3D building models are created based on 3D point clouds and (c) 3D building models are transformed into a LOD3 City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) standard with enriched semantics of the related seismic damage of every part of the building (walls, roof, etc.). The results show that in following this methodology, CityGML LOD3 models can be generated and enriched with buildings’ seismic damage. These models can assist in the decision-making process during the recovery phase of a settlement as well as be the basis for its monitoring over time. Finally, these models can contribute to the estimation of the reconstruction cost of the buildings.

Sustainable Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM) in Wonolelo Village, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Special Region of Yogyakarta is passed by the ring of fire and become a province which prone to disasters, especially earthquake. In 2006, Wonolelo Village was one of the villages hardest hit by the earthquake. Therefore, understanding and awareness of disaster management are important. Currently, disaster management at local is widely applied. According to Van Niekerk, et al (2017), the approach at the local level aims to change the perspective of disaster management in terms of issues, challenges and problems faced by the community. For this reason, Wonolelo Village has a disaster-aware community, the Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (FPRB). The purposes of this research are to identify the processes and factors that influence the success of sustainable CBDM in Wonolelo Village. The method used is qualitative. Based on the analysis, Wonolelo Village has three stages of the disaster management process, namely the identification, the planning and implementation stage, and the development stage. While the factors that influence the success of disaster management in Wonolelo Village are the choice of Wonolelo Village as a Pilot Project by NDMA, recurring disaster events, volunteers who have team awareness, the existence of cooperation culture in the community, and budget allocation from Wonolelo Government for CBDM.